Inflammatory bowel disease -Â Inflammatory is a disease (IBD) found in bowel which encompasses a range of various conditions characterized by persistent inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a continue manner.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a range of conditions that result in persistent inflammation (pain and swelling) within the intestines. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are encompassed within IBD and both have an impact on the digestive system. Treatments are available to effectively handle this chronic condition throughout one's life.
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Type of IBD and sign-
The primary forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These types of IBD present in the following ways:
- Crohn's disease leads to discomfort and inflammation in the digestive tract, potentially impacting any region from the mouth to the anus. It predominantly affects the small intestine and the upper portion of the large intestine.
- Ulcerative colitis results in inflammation and the formation of ulcers in the large intestine, encompassing the colon and rectum.
- Microscopic colitis induces inflammation in the intestines, but it can only be identified through microscopic examination.
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How common is IBD?
Around three million individuals in the United States are afflicted with various types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This condition impacts people of all genders and age groups, with the highest occurrence observed between the ages of 15 and 30.
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What distinguishes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?Â
IBD is categorized as a disease, while IBS is classified as a syndrome characterized by a group of symptoms. The underlying causes and treatment approaches for these conditions differ.
IBS is considered a functional gastrointestinal disease that affects the normal functioning of the bowels, leading to irregular contractions, either more frequent or less frequent than usual. It is also referred to as spastic colon or nervous stomach.
Unlike IBD, IBS does not cause inflammation or damage to the intestines, which means it cannot be detected through imaging scans, and it does not increase the risk of colon cancer. Hospitalization or surgery is rarely required for individuals with IBS.
Can you have IBD and IBS?
It is indeed feasible to experience both IBD and IBS. Although IBD can give rise to IBS symptoms, there is no substantiated proof indicating that having IBS raises the likelihood of developing IBD.
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Diagnostic tests for Crohn’s disease
A range of tests can be employed by medical professionals to diagnose Crohn's disease. Initially, the doctor will typically inquire about your medical background and conduct a physical examination. Subsequently, specific diagnostic tests may be prescribed by your physician in order to determine the underlying cause of your symptoms.
Laboratry tests
Currently, researchers are investigating the potential of specific indicators detected in an individual's blood, tissues, or other bodily fluids to forecast the likelihood of mild or severe symptoms of IBD. However, despite the availability of these "prognostic" tests, they are still in the early phases of development and have not gained widespread acceptance.
Endoscopy, a trusted medical procedure, is commonly used for diagnosing and monitoring Crohn's disease. Healthcare professionals may recommend different types of endoscopy, including:
1. Colonoscopy:Â In this procedure, a doctor utilizes an endoscope, a slender tube equipped with a light and camera, to examine the colon and rectum. Tissue samples, known as biopsies, may be taken for inflammation testing. Typically performed in a hospital or outpatient center, patients receive instructions on preparing for a colonoscopy.
2. Upper GI endoscopy and enteroscopy:Â During an upper GI endoscopy, an endoscope is gently guided down the esophagus, through the stomach, and into the duodenum, allowing visualization of the upper digestive tract. Biopsies may also be taken. This procedure is commonly conducted in a hospital or outpatient center. Enteroscopy involves using a specialized, longer instrument to examine the small intestine.
3. Capsule endoscopy:Â This procedure involves swallowing a pill containing a tiny camera. The camera records and transmits images of the digestive tract to a receiver worn by the patient. Eventually, the capsule is expelled from the body through bowel movements.
In addition to endoscopy, doctors may recommend various imaging tests to obtain a more detailed view of the internal body structures. Some common imaging tests used for Crohn's disease include:
1. CT scan:Â Using X-rays and computer technology, a CT scan generates images of the digestive tract. A contrast medium, a special dye, may be administered orally or through injection to enhance visibility. The CT machine captures X-rays while the patient lies on a table.
2. Upper GI series:Â This test involves standing or sitting in front of an X-ray machine and consuming a chalky liquid called barium, which aids in visualizing the upper GI tract. Afterward, the patient lies on an X-ray table while the doctor observes the movement of barium through the GI tract using X-rays or fluoroscopy. Detailed instructions for preparation are provided prior to the procedure.
3. MRI scan:Â An MRI is a noninvasive test that employs magnets and radio waves to create cross-sectional images of the digestive tract. This type of imaging allows doctors to examine hard-to-reach areas, such as the small intestine, which are typically beyond the reach of endoscopy.
Diagnostic tests for ulcerative colitis (UC) involve a combination of examinations recommended by a doctor to establish a diagnosis and assess the severity of the disease. Initially, the doctor will inquire about your family medical history and conduct a physical examination, similar to the approach used for diagnosing Crohn's disease.
Laboratory tests are commonly employed to aid in the diagnosis of UC, including:
- Blood tests:Â A blood sample is analyzed to identify markers of UC and potential complications, such as anemia. Blood tests can also detect signs of infection or other gastrointestinal disorders.
- Stool tests:Â Analysis of a stool sample assists doctors in identifying indicators of UC and ruling out alternative conditions that may be responsible for your symptoms, such as an infection.
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